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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 114(5): 817-822, maio 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1131228

ABSTRACT

Resumo A doença de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) é uma pandemia global afetando o mundo, estando presente em mais de 1.300.000 pacientes. O COVID-19 age pelo receptor da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2). As comorbidades cardiovasculares são mais frequentes com COVID-19, e cerca 10% de casos desenvolvem miocardite (22% de pacientes críticas). Mais pesquisas serão necessárias para continuar ou descontinuar inibidores de ECA e bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina, que são essenciais para hipertensão e insuficiência cardíaca em COVID-19. Pesquisa intensiva é promissora para o tratamento e a prevenção da COVID-19.


Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting the world, seen in more than 1,300,000 patients. COVID-19 acts through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cardiovascular comorbidities are more common with COVID-19, and nearly 10% of cases develop myocarditis (22% of critical patients). Further research is needed to continue or discontinue ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, which are essential in hypertension and heart failure in COVID-19. Intensive research is promising for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/enzymology , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Comorbidity , China/epidemiology , Chloroquine/therapeutic use , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/enzymology , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/metabolism , Pandemics , Hypertension/enzymology , Hypertension/epidemiology
2.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(7): 533-537, out. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690591

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de 12 semanas de exercícios físicos em variáveis associadas a fatores de risco cardiovascular e na atividade da butirilcolinesterase (BChE) em adolescentes obesos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 24 obesos e 51 eutróficos controles. Inicialmente e após 12 semanas foram avaliados: peso, estatura, IMC, circunferência abdominal (CA), percentual de gordura (%G), consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), glicemia (GLI) e insulinemia (INS) basal e após 120 min, triacilglicerol (TG), colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL, colesterol HDL e a atividade da BChE (kU/l). RESULTADOS: Após a intervenção, houve redução significativa no IMC, CA, %G, PAD, PAD, TG, GLI 120, INS, INS 120 min e na atividade da BChE. CONCLUSÃO: A redução da atividade da BChE, observada após a intervenção, foi acompanhada da redução de variáveis associadas a risco cardiovascular e à obesidade, indicando que a BChE pode ser utilizada como marcador secundário para os riscos associados à obesidade precoce.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of physical exercise (PE) on cardiovascular risk factors and BChE activity in obese adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 24 obese adolescents and 51 normal weight controls. The following variables were measured in the initial stage and after 12 weeks: weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat percentage (% F), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, glucose (GLY) and insulin (INS) at baseline and after 120 min, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and BChE activity (kU/l). RESULTS: After the intervention, there was significant reduction in BMI, WC, %F, TG, GLI 120, INS 120 min, and BChE activity. CONCLUSION: The reduction in BChE activity, observed after physical exercise, was accompanied by the reduction of the variables associated with cardiovascular risk and obesity, indicating that BChE can be used as a secondary marker for the risk associated with early onset obesity.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Butyrylcholinesterase/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Exercise/physiology , Obesity/enzymology , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cholesterol/blood , Insulin/blood , Lipid Metabolism , Obesity/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Triglycerides/blood , Waist Circumference
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660046

ABSTRACT

La periodontitis constituye la infección bacteriana más prevalente a nivel mundial y representa un factor de riesgo para diversas patologías sistémicas. El estado de inflamación y destrucción periodontal se manifiestan a través de la presencia de biomarcadores en el suero y fluidos orales, tales como el fluido gingival crevicular (FGC), saliva y enjuague oral. Enzimas como las metaloproteinasas de matriz (MMP) y mieloperoxidasa, constituyen biomarcadores potenciales para ensayos moleculares complementarios a la clínica de uso en el sillón dental. A continuación se presenta una revisión de la literatura respecto de la aplicación potencial del análisis de metaloproteinasas de matriz extracelular (MMPs) en el diagnóstico complementario de las enfermedades periodontales. Se ha demostrado que los niveles de MMP-9, -13 y particularmente de MMP-8, se asocian con el grado de inflamación periodontal, y pueden diferenciar entre sujetos sanos, con gingivitis, periodontitis y peri-implantitis, mientras que la mejoría de los parámetros clínicos en respuesta al tratamiento periodontal se asocia con la reducción de la activación y niveles de estas enzimas en FGC, como así también en el suero. Se concluye que la determinación, particularmente de MMP-8 en fluidos orales presenta un elevado potencial como complemento de los métodos clínicos tradicionales para identificar a los pacientes con periodontitis o en riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad, monitorear fases del tratamiento y mejoría de signos periodontales e incluso evaluar el estado de inflamación sistémica.


Periodontal disease is the most common bacterial infection worldwide and it can contribute to enhance the risk for the development of several systemic diseases. The status of periodontal inflammation and destruction can be reflected in biomarker measurement in serum and oral fluids, like gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and mouth-rinse. Some enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and myeloperoxidase are potential candidates for chair-side point-of-care oral fluid assays. This review is focused on the utility of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) analysis in oral fluid as a complementary diagnostic method to chronic periodontitis. Levels of MMP-9,-13 and specially of MMP-8, reflect oral inflammatory status and discriminate among healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis and periimplantitis individuals, whereas MMP levels and activation in GCF and serum are in line with the improvement of clinical parameters in response to periodontal treatment. As a conclusion, MMP-8 assessment in GCF could represent a helpful adjunctive method to traditional diagnostics to identify periodontitis or patients at risk to develop the disease, monitor treatment phases, improvement of periodontal signs and even screen the systemic inflammation status.


Subject(s)
Humans , Collagenases/analysis , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/enzymology , Periodontitis/diagnosis , Periodontitis/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Biomarkers/analysis , /analysis , Point-of-Care Systems , Time Factors
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135682

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives Endothelial nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator and impairment of its generation brought about by gene polymorphism is considered a major predictor for several diseases. A single nucleotide polymorphism G894T within exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS-7) gene, resulting in a replacement of glutamic acid by aspartic acid, has been studied as a putative candidate gene for cardiovascular diseases. The pattern of eNOS-7 Glu298Asp variant in the Indian population is poorly known. The present study was planned to determine the prevalence of the variant of this gene among tea garden community in Assam, North-East India with high prevalence of hypertension. Methods Study participants of both sex aged ≥18 yr were recruited randomly from temporary field clinics established in tea gardens of Dibrugarh, Assam. Genomic DNA was extracted from 409 subjects by the conventional phenol-chloroform method. The prevalence of the eNOS exon 7 Glu298Asp variant was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The study population was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The frequency of the eNOS GG, GT and TT genotypes was found to be 75, 22 and 3 per cent respectively and did not show any significant difference in gender wise analysis. Interpretation & conclusions Our results showed that the prevalence of the homozygous GG genotype was high (75%) and the rare mutant genotype (homozygous, TT) was 3 per cent in a population at risk with cardiovascular disease. Such population-based data on various polymorphisms can ultimately be exploited in pharmacogenomics.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Haplotypes/genetics , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation, Missense/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics , Pharmacogenetics/methods , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Prevalence
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135539

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: The aim of this study is to know if the liver function tests (LFT), especially gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), have a predictive value in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: A cross-sectional, single-center study was carried out with 908 subjects. Four hundred and forty two of these subjects were diagnosed with MS with IDF criteria; while other 466 were sex and age matched healthy control subjects. Blood pressure, liver function tests, fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profile of the subjects were recorded. Results: The mean values of alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and GGT levels were statistically significantly higher in MS group. The mean values of liver enzymes, for female/ male subjects in MS group, AST; ALT and GGT respectively, were; 20.5/19.7 U/l; 25.9/28.5 U/l; 35.9/42.1 U/l. When the sample is divided into quartiles of the GGT levels, increase in GGT is positively correlated with increased MS prevalence. In ROC analysis GGT is as strongly associated with the IDF diagnostic components as is each individual IDF component, except elevated systolic blood pressure. In covariance analysis, there was significant relationship between elevated GGT levels and MS presence after adjustment for age, sex and MS diagnostic criteria; but not AST and ALT levels. In multivariance analysis, in MS group, a high GGT was positively associated with CVD prevalance (odds ratio: 2.011, 95% CI 1.10-4.57) compared to low GGT group independent of age, sex and smoking habits. Interpretation & conclusion: Elevated liver enzymes, although in normal ranges, especially at upper quartiles, play a central role in early diagnosis of fat overflow to the liver. Regarding the availability and simplicity of these tests in routine clinical practice, they, especially GGT, have potential to be considered in algorithms for metabolic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Liver Function Tests/methods , Liver Function Tests/statistics & numerical data , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology , Odds Ratio , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/analysis , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/diagnosis
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 24(1): 36-42, Jan.-Feb. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-503103

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assessment of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme fraction MB (CK-MB) serum activity in female dogs anesthetized with ketamine S (+), atropine and xylazine in several associations. METHODS: Twenty three healthy female dogs randomly distributed in four groups named as GI (n=6), GII (n=6), GIII (n=6) and GIV (n=5) were treated respectively with atropine and ketamine S(+) (0.04mg/kg; 10 mg/kg); ketamine S(+) (10 mg/kg); atropine, xylazine and ketamine S(+) (0.04mg/kg; 1.1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg) and xylazine and ketamine S(+) (1.1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg). AST, CK and CK-MB serum activity measurement before pre-medication (M0) and one, two, three, six, 12, 24, 36 hours after. RESULTS: There was no significant change in AST, CK e CK-MB serum activity among groups. However, CK serum activity in relation to moments within the groups was increased in all groups over the time in spite of treatment, except GI. In relation to CK-MB activity, in the moments within the group, it was observed an increase compared to baseline in all groups. CONCLUSION: Creatine kinase and creatine kinase fraction MB isoenzyme showed changes in their mean values remained higher than baseline for a longer time in GIII and GIV.


OBJETIVO: Determinar a atividade sérica de AST, CK e CK-MB em cadelas anestesiadas com cetamina S (+), atropina e xilazina em diferentes associações. MÉTODOS: Vinte e três cadelas saudáveis foram distribuídas ao acaso em quarto grupos denominados GI (n=6), GII (n=6), GIII (n=6) e GIV (n=5) tratados respectivamente com atropina e cetamina S (+) (0,04mg/kg; 10 mg/kg); cetamina S (+) (10 mg/kg); atropina, xilazina e cetamina S (+) (0,04mg/kg; 1,1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg) exilazina e cetamina S (+) (1,1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg). A atividade sérica de AST, CK e CK-MB foi determinada antes da pré-medicação (M0) e uma, duas, três seis, 12, 24 e 36 horas após M0. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas mudanças significativas na atividade sérica de AST, CK e CK-MB entre grupos. Entretanto, entre momentos houve aumento da atividade sérica de CK para todos os grupos, exceto em GI.Com relação a atividade sérica de CK-MB, observou-se ao longo dos momentos aumento significativo com relação aos valores basais em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Alterações significativas foram observadas com relação à atividade sérica de CK e CK-MB em todos os tratamentos, mantendo-se elevada por um período maior nos grupos GIII e GIV.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Anesthetics, Dissociative/pharmacology , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Creatine Kinase/blood , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology , Biomarkers/blood , Creatine Kinase, MB Form/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Ketamine/pharmacology , Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology , Random Allocation , Xylazine/pharmacology
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(3): 172-178, set. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-494312

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A caracterização de uma enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) no líquido pericárdico humano é relevante diante do seu papel na liberação de angiotensina II e, portanto, do papel do pericárdio na homeostase cardivascular. OBJETIVO: Isolar e caracterizar uma ECA do líquido pericárdico humano. Comparar as atividades conversoras de angiotensina I do fluido pericárdico e do soro de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardiovascular. MÉTODOS: A enzima do líquido pericárdico humano foi purificada por meio de etapas cromatográficas e caracterizada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE), hidrólise de angiotensina I, bradicinina, Hip-His-Leu e substratos sintéticos com supressão interna de fluorescência. Lisinopril foi usado como inibidor. A atividade de ECA foi determinada em amostras de sangue e líquido pericárdico de 23 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: A ECA purificada (MM = 140 kDa) libera angiotensina II, hidrolisa a bradicinina e o substrato Hip-His-Leu. Os parâmetros cinéticos k cat,(s-1) e k cat/Km (µM-1. s-1) foram respectivamente: Hip-His-Leu (1,14 e 7 x 10 -4), Abz-YRK(Dnp)P-OH (2,60 e 0,77), Abz-LFK(Dnp)-OH (2,77 e 0,36) e Abz-SDK(Dnp)P-OH (1,92 e 0,19). As atividades conversoras de angiotensina I (média ± DP) do líquido pericárdico e no soro foram, respectivamente, 3,16 ± 0,90 mU x mg -1x min-1 e 0,33 ± 0,11 mU x mg -1x min-1 . A diferença foi significativa entre os dois fluidos. CONCLUSÃO: Uma ECA com grande similaridade com a enzima somática foi isolada do fluido pericárdico humano. A atividade conversora de angiotensina I é maior no líquido pericárdico quando comparada com a atividade do soro. Esses dados constituem importante evidência do papel do líquido pericárdico no metabolismo de peptídeos ativos.


BACKGROUND: The characterization of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human pericardial fluid is relevant, considering its role in the angiotensin II release and thus, the role of the pericardium in cardiovascular homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and characterize an ACE from human pericardial fluid and to compare the angiotensin I converting activities of the pericardial fluid with that of the serum in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: The enzyme from human pericardial fluid was purified through chromatographic steps and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), hydrolysis of angiotensin I, bradykinin, Hip-His-Leu and synthetic substrates with internal fluorescence suppression. Lisinopril was used as inhibitor. The ACE activity was measured in blood and pericardial fluid samples of 23 patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery. RESULTS: The purified ACE (MM = 140 kDa), releases angiotensin II, hydrolyses bradykinin and the Hip-His-Leu substrate. The kinetic parameters k cat,(s-1) and k cat/Km (µM-1. s-1) were, respectively: Hip-His-Leu (1.14 and 7 x 10 -4) ; Abz-YRK(Dnp)P-OH (2.60 and 0.77), Abz-LFK(Dnp)-OH (2.77 and 0.36) and Abz-SDK(Dnp)P-OH (1.92 and 0.19). The angiotensin I converting activities (mean ± SD) in the pericardial fluid and in blood, were, respectively: 3.16 ± 0.90 mU x mg -1x min-1 and 0.33 ± 0.11 mU x mg -1x min-1. The difference was significant between the two fluids. CONCLUSION: An ACE that bears great similarity with the somatic enzyme was isolated from human pericardial fluid. The angiotensin I converting activity is higher in the pericardial fluid when compared to the serum activity. These data are important evidence of the role of the pericardial fluid in the metabolism of active peptides.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A , Pericardial Effusion/enzymology , Chromatography, Affinity , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/surgery , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer , Hydrolysis , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/isolation & purification
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(1): e12-e19, jul. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486816

ABSTRACT

A mieloperoxidase (MPO) é uma enzima derivada de leucócitos que catalisa a formação de numerosas espécies reativas oxidantes. Além de integrantes da resposta imune inata, evidências têm comprovado a contribuição desses oxidantes para o dano tecidual durante inflamação. A MPO participa de atividades biológicas pró-aterogênicas relacionadas à evolução da doença cardiovascular, incluindo iniciação, propagação e as fases de complicação aguda do processo aterosclerótico. Dessa forma, a MPO e sua cascata inflamatória representam um alvo atrativo para investigação prognóstica e terapêutica na doença aterosclerótica cardiovascular. Nesta revisão, apresentamos o estado da arte no entendimento das ações biológicas às evidências clínicas da relação entre MPO e doença arterial coronariana. Vários estudos apontam para o efeito independente dos níveis de MPO na evolução da doença e ocorrência de eventos em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda. Entretanto, ainda não é consistente o valor preditivo adicional dos níveis de MPO na estratificação de risco cardiovascular para incorporá-la à prática clínica como sinalizadora de vulnerabilidade de placa. Estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar seu papel nas diferentes formas de apresentação da cardiopatia isquêmica, além da padronização do ensaio, ponto fundamental para a transição desse marcador do ambiente de pesquisa para uso na rotina clínica.


Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme derived of leukocytes that catalyze formation of numerous reactive oxidant species. Besides members of the innate host defense, evidences have been proving the contribution of these oxidants to tissue injury during inflammation. MPO participates in proatherogenic biological activities related to the evolution of cardiovascular disease, including initiation, propagation and acute complications of atherosclerotic process. Thereby, MPO and its inflammatory cascade represents an attractive target for prognostical investigation and therapeutics in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review, we present the state of the art in the understanding of biological actions to clinical evidences of the relationship between MPO and coronary arterial disease. Several studies point to the independent effect of MPO levels in the evolution of disease and incidence of events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, the additional predictive value of MPO levels in the cardiovascular risk assessment, to incorporate it to the clinical practice as marker of plaque vulnerability, is still not consistent. Additional studies are necessary to confirm its role in the different forms of presentation of ischemic disease, besides the standardization of the assay, fundamental point for transition of this marker from research atmosphere to use in clinical routine: : from laboratory to clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Peroxidase/physiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/enzymology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/etiology , Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis , Arteriosclerosis/enzymology , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/enzymology , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Lipid Metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Prognosis , Peroxidase/blood , Peroxidase/deficiency
10.
Femina ; 35(9): 551-555, set. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493965

ABSTRACT

O processo de aterogênese e o risco das doenças cardiovasculares sofrem influências significativas do hipoestrogenismo pós-menopáusico. Entretanto, os possíveis mecanismos anti-aterogênicos de proteção da parede vascular exercidos pelos estrogênios não são completamente conhecidos. Por sua vez, a matriz extracelular dos vasos tem importância reconhecida no controle da sua homeostase, especialmente nos processos de remodelação vascular. Entre as enzimas secretadas pela matriz extracelular envolvidas na remodelação da parede arterial estão as metaloproteinases. Os estrogênios exercem influência sobre a secreção, ativação e inibição da ação das metaloproteinases. Estas ações variam consoante o estágio de integridade da parede vascular. Quando a parede arterial é saudável ou quando o processo aterosclerótico encontra-se em fases iniciais, a ação estrogênica propicia elevação nos níveis das metaloproteinases 2 e 9 que conseguem degradar o acúmulo de proteína da matriz prevenindo a progressão da lesão. Entretanto, nos estágios ateroscleróticos mais avançados, a administração terapêutica de estrogênios ao elevar os níveis das metaloproteinases, especialmente da metaloproteinase 9, pode levar a um enfraquecimento e desestabilização da placa aterosclerótica através da sua digestão enzimática. Pelas razões consideradas e do ponto de vista das influências sobre a saúde vascular parece ser de crucial importância o momento de início da terapêutica estrogênica no período climatérico.


Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Estrogens/therapeutic use , Extracellular Matrix/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Postmenopause
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(supl.1): 97-103, Mar. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-402182

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress underlies many forms of vascular disease as well as tissue injury following ischemia and reperfusion. The major source of oxidative stress in the artery wall is an NADPH oxidase. This enzyme complex as expressed in vascular cells differs from that in phagocytic leucocytes both in biochemical structure and functions. The crucial flavin-containing catalytic subunits, Nox1 and Nox4, are not found in leucocytes, but are highly expressed in vascular cells and upregulated with vascular remodeling, such as that found in hypertension and atherosclerosis. The difference in catalytic subunits offers the opportunity to develop "vascular specific" NADPH oxidase inhibitors that do not compromise the essential physiological signaling and phagocytic functions carried out by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide and targeted inhibitors of NADPH oxidase that block the source of oxidative stress in the vasculature are more likely to prevent the deterioration of vascular function that leads to stroke and heart attack, than are conventional antioxidants. The roles of Nox isoforms in other inflammatory conditions are yet to be explored.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology , NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Enzyme Activation , NADPH Oxidases/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
12.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 24(1): 94-103, ene.-mar. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419213

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La actividad de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ECA) está determinada importantemente por un polimorfismo de la misma enzima. Las ratas Brown Norway (BB) tienen mayor actividad de ECA (y niveles de angiotensina II) que ratas Lewis (LL). Debido a que Ang II induce la activación de NADPH oxidasa, se postula que el polimorfismo BB determina mayor actividad de NADPH oxidasa y mayor producción de anión superóxido (O2). Métodos: Se usaron ratas homocigotas BB y LL, que tienen niveles altos y bajos de ECA, respectivamente. La actividad enzimática de ECA plasmática se determinó por fluorimetría. La actividad enzimática de NADPH oxidasa (unidades relativas de luz por segundo, por mg de proteína; URL/seg/mg/ prot) y la producción de O2 (URL) se determinaron por quimioluminiscencia con lucigenina en aorta y miocardio.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics , NADPH Oxidases , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/analysis , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Angiotensin II/blood , Aorta/enzymology , Enzyme Activation , Polymorphism, Genetic , Rats, Inbred BN , Rats, Inbred Lew , Superoxides/metabolism , Heart Ventricles/enzymology
15.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 134(5): 539-44, sept.-oct. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-234086

ABSTRACT

Se han determinado los niveles de superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y catalasa (CAT) en 420 individuos de uno y otro sexo y edades comprendidas entre 50 y 93 años. De ellos, 126 que no mostraban ninguna enfermedad relevante se utilizaron como grupo control. Los 294 restantes mostraban diferentes trastornos: alteraciones del sistema vascular (insuficiencias coronarias, hipertensión, infarto, etc.), alteraciones del sistema osteoarticular (artritis, polialtralgias, osteoporosis, etc.), miomas, afecciones, prostáticas, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y accidente cerebral vascular agudo (ACVA). Para valorar SOD se utilizó el método de minami y Yoshikawa y el método de Aebi para valorar CAT. Métodos estadísticos: ANOVA y "t" de Student. En la población control se han obtenido: 1) niveles de SOD y CAT más elevados en mujeres que en varones. 2) la actividad de CAT disminuye con la edad. En la población con patologías: 3) la actividad de SOD está elevada en cardiovascular, miomas, EPOC y ACVA. 4) la actividad de CAT desciende en cardiovascular, próstata, EPOC y ACVA. 5) en osteoarticular actividad normal de SOD y CAT, aunque SOD desciende con la edad, CAT desciende con la edad en cardiovascular y EPOC. En general el comportamiento de ambos enzimas tiende a conseguir un equilibrio en el sistema antioxidante


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Age Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology , Catalase/blood , Cerebrovascular Disorders/enzymology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Prostatic Diseases/enzymology , Bone Diseases/enzymology , Joint Diseases/enzymology , Leiomyoma/enzymology , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/enzymology , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Uterine Neoplasms/enzymology
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